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      linux常用命令
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        <h1 id="1-linux常用命令"><a href="#1-linux常用命令" class="headerlink" title="1.linux常用命令"></a>1.linux常用命令</h1><h3 id="1-1-系统命令"><a href="#1-1-系统命令" class="headerlink" title="1.1 系统命令"></a>1.1 系统命令</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">runlevel                     <span class="comment"># 查看当前的运行级别（5代表图形化界面）</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl status sshd        <span class="comment"># 开启网络服务功能</span></span><br><span class="line">          stop               <span class="comment"># 关闭</span></span><br><span class="line">          restart            <span class="comment"># 重启</span></span><br><span class="line">          reload             <span class="comment"># 重载</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 常见服务</span></span><br><span class="line">sshd                         <span class="comment"># ssh服务（远程xshell连接服务器的）</span></span><br><span class="line">networking                   <span class="comment"># 网络</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">reboot                       <span class="comment"># 重启</span></span><br><span class="line">halt                         <span class="comment"># 关机</span></span><br><span class="line">poweroff                     <span class="comment"># 关机</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="1-2-查看文件常用指令"><a href="#1-2-查看文件常用指令" class="headerlink" title="1.2 查看文件常用指令"></a>1.2 查看文件常用指令</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">touch file.txt        <span class="comment"># 创建文件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim file.txt          <span class="comment"># 写入文件</span></span><br><span class="line">cat                   <span class="comment"># 在命令提示符下查看文件内容</span></span><br><span class="line">more                  <span class="comment"># 在命令提示符中分页查看文件内容</span></span><br><span class="line">less                  <span class="comment"># 命令行中查看文件可以上下翻页反复浏览</span></span><br><span class="line">head                  <span class="comment"># 命令行中查看文件头几行</span></span><br><span class="line">tail                  <span class="comment"># 命令行中查看文件尾几行</span></span><br><span class="line">wc                    <span class="comment"># 统计文件的单词数 行数等信息</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="1-3-目录管理常用指令"><a href="#1-3-目录管理常用指令" class="headerlink" title="1.3 目录管理常用指令"></a>1.3 目录管理常用指令</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;1.文件目录常用命令&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir                 <span class="comment"># 创建新目录</span></span><br><span class="line">rmdir                 <span class="comment"># 删除空目录</span></span><br><span class="line">pwd                   <span class="comment"># 查看你当前所在的目录</span></span><br><span class="line">cd                    <span class="comment"># 切换目录</span></span><br><span class="line">ls                    <span class="comment"># 查看显示目录的内容</span></span><br><span class="line">rm                    <span class="comment"># 删除文件</span></span><br><span class="line">cp                    <span class="comment"># 复制文件或目录</span></span><br><span class="line">mv                    <span class="comment"># 移动文件或目录</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">du                    <span class="comment"># 统计目录和文件空间的占用情况</span></span><br><span class="line">ln                    <span class="comment"># 创建硬链接</span></span><br><span class="line">ln -s                 <span class="comment"># 创建软链接</span></span><br><span class="line">which                 <span class="comment"># 查看linux命令所在的目录</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="1-4-账号与权限"><a href="#1-4-账号与权限" class="headerlink" title="1.4 账号与权限"></a>1.4 账号与权限</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;1.组管理&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">groupadd group_name                            <span class="comment"># 创建一个新用户组 </span></span><br><span class="line">groupdel group_name                            <span class="comment"># 删除一个用户组 </span></span><br><span class="line">groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name      <span class="comment"># 重命名一个用户组</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;2.用户管理&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">useradd zhangsan                               <span class="comment"># 创建账户张三</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd zhangsan                                <span class="comment"># 给用户设置密码</span></span><br><span class="line">userdel -r zhangsan                            <span class="comment"># 删除张三及他的宿主目录</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;3.用户组管理&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">gpasswd -a zhangsan root                       <span class="comment"># 将张三用户加入root组</span></span><br><span class="line">groups zhangsan                                <span class="comment"># 确认zhangsan用户在root组</span></span><br><span class="line">gpasswd -d lisi root                           <span class="comment"># 将李zhangsan户从root组中删除</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;4.权限管理&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">chown -R zhangsan /aaa                         <span class="comment"># 将文件夹/aaa的多有者修改为zhangsan</span></span><br><span class="line">chown root:root /aaa                           <span class="comment"># 将/aaa文件夹的属主和属组都改成root</span></span><br><span class="line">chmod <span class="number">777</span> /aaa                 </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-ubuntu开启sshd服务"><a href="#2-ubuntu开启sshd服务" class="headerlink" title="2.ubuntu开启sshd服务"></a>2.ubuntu开启sshd服务</h1><ul>
<li>安装sshd</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@dev:shiyanlou_project<span class="comment"># sudo apt-get install openssh-server</span></span><br><span class="line">root@dev:shiyanlou_project<span class="comment"># /etc/init.d/ssh status</span></span><br><span class="line">root@dev:shiyanlou_project<span class="comment"># netstat -anptu | grep sshd</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>开启root远程登录功能</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Port <span class="number">22</span>               <span class="comment"># 去掉注释</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password</span></span><br><span class="line">PermitRootLogin yes   <span class="comment"># 把上面的换成yes</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>重启sshd服务</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@dev:shiyanlou_project<span class="comment">#  service sshd restart</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-ubuntu-安装软件"><a href="#3-ubuntu-安装软件" class="headerlink" title="3.ubuntu 安装软件"></a>3.ubuntu 安装软件</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 类似pip安装</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install XXX</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install -y XXX</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get remove XXX</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

      
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